Math Calculators
Scientific, fraction and percent calculators, statistics, algebra and geometry. Every tool is free, runs in your browser and shows the formula behind the answer.
Arithmetic & Algebra
- Scientific CalculatorThis free scientific calculator handles trigonometry, logarithms, exponents, roots and factorials. Click the keys or type an expression with your keyboard, then press = or Enter.
- Fraction CalculatorUse this fraction calculator to add, subtract, multiply or divide two fractions and see the simplified answer, its decimal value and the working.
- Percentage CalculatorUse this percentage calculator to work out a percent of a number, what percent one value is of another, the percentage difference between two values, or the percentage change from an old value to a new one.
- Random Number GeneratorThis random number generator picks a number between a lower and an upper limit, both included. The comprehensive version below it can produce many numbers at once, as integers or as decimals with up to 50 digits after the point, with optional sorting and no repeats.
- Percent Error CalculatorThis percent error calculator compares an observed value with the true or accepted value and reports the percentage error, both as an absolute value and with its sign.
- Exponent CalculatorEnter a base and an exponent and this exponent calculator finds the result; or give the result and either the base or the exponent, and it solves for the missing one.
- Binary CalculatorThis binary calculator performs arithmetic on base-2 numbers and converts values between binary and decimal. Numbers of any length are handled exactly.
- Hex CalculatorThis hex calculator does arithmetic on base-16 numbers and converts values between hexadecimal and decimal. Letters A–F may be typed in upper or lower case.
- Half-Life CalculatorEnter any three of the four values, quantity remaining, initial quantity, time and half-life, and this half-life calculator solves for the fourth. A second tool converts between half-life, mean lifetime and decay constant.
- Quadratic Formula CalculatorEnter the coefficients a, b and c of ax² + bx + c = 0 and this quadratic formula calculator returns both roots, real or complex, along with the discriminant, the vertex of the parabola and the step-by-step working. Fractions such as 1/4 and radicals such as √2 are accepted.
- Log CalculatorThis log calculator solves log_b(x) = y for whichever value is missing. Enter e as the base for the natural logarithm, or 10 for the common logarithm.
- Ratio CalculatorEnter three of the four values in A : B = C : D and this ratio calculator solves for the missing one. A second tool scales a ratio up or down by any factor.
- Root CalculatorThis square root calculator also handles cube roots and general nth roots, giving each answer to 20 significant digits. For whole numbers it also gives the simplified radical form, such as √50 = 5√2.
- Least Common Multiple CalculatorEnter two or more whole numbers and this LCM calculator returns their least common multiple, the smallest positive number that every one of them divides into.
- Greatest Common Factor CalculatorEnter two or more whole numbers and this GCF calculator finds their greatest common factor, also called the greatest common divisor (GCD), with the working shown.
- Factor CalculatorEnter a whole number and this factor calculator lists all of its factors, the factor pairs that multiply to it, and its prime factorization.
- Rounding CalculatorThis rounding calculator rounds a number to a chosen precision, from millionths up to millions or to the nearest fraction such as 1/8, using any of nine common rounding rules.
- Matrix CalculatorThis matrix calculator adds, subtracts and multiplies two matrices, and finds the transpose, powers, scalar multiples, determinant and inverse of either one. Entries may be integers, decimals or fractions, and results are exact.
- Scientific Notation CalculatorConvert any number to scientific notation, E-notation and engineering notation, then use the scientific notation calculator to add, subtract, multiply, divide, square and take square roots of two values with up to 50 digits of precision.
- Big Number CalculatorThis big number calculator works with integers and decimals of hundreds or thousands of digits, keeping every digit exact and rounding division and square roots to the precision you choose.
- Basic CalculatorA free basic calculator for quick everyday arithmetic. Click the keys or type on your keyboard to add, subtract, multiply and divide, then press = or Enter.
- Average CalculatorPaste or type numbers separated by commas, spaces or line breaks, and this average calculator returns their arithmetic mean along with the sum and count.
- Percent Off CalculatorThis percent off calculator finds the final price and the amount you save after a percentage discount, and handles stackable extra discounts such as a coupon applied on top of a sale.
- Common Factor CalculatorEnter two or more whole numbers and this common factor calculator lists the factors they all share, along with the full factor list of each number.
- Prime Factorization CalculatorEnter a whole number and this prime factorization calculator writes it as a product of primes, in expanded and exponent form, with the factor tree steps and the full list of divisors.
- Long Division CalculatorEnter a dividend and a divisor and this long division calculator shows the quotient and remainder, the decimal answer with its repeating block, and every step of the working.
- Equation SolverType an equation in x, such as 2x + 3 = 11 or 3x^2 − 2x = x + 6, and this equation solver rearranges it, finds every real root and shows the working for linear and quadratic cases. A second tool below solves systems of two or three linear equations.
- Percentage Increase CalculatorEnter a starting value and an ending value to see the percentage increase or decrease between them, the absolute change and the multiplier. Further tools below give the percentage difference of two numbers and raise or lower a value by a percentage.
Statistics
- Standard Deviation CalculatorEnter numbers separated by commas, spaces or line breaks, and this standard deviation calculator returns the standard deviation, variance, mean and margins of error for population or sample data.
- Number Sequence CalculatorThis number sequence calculator finds the nth term and the sum of the first n terms of an arithmetic or geometric sequence, and lists the Fibonacci sequence up to any term.
- Sample Size CalculatorUse this sample size calculator to find how many people you need to survey for a chosen confidence level and margin of error, with an optional finite population correction. The second calculator works backward from a sample size to its margin of error.
- Probability CalculatorThis probability calculator works out the combined probabilities of two independent events, solves for unknown event probabilities, handles events repeated several times and finds probabilities for any range of a normal distribution.
- Statistics CalculatorPaste a list of numbers and this statistics calculator returns the common descriptive statistics in one go: center, spread, quartiles and outliers.
- Mean, Median, Mode, Range CalculatorPaste or type a list of numbers, separated by commas, spaces or line breaks, and this mean, median, mode, range calculator returns all four measures together with the count, sum, quartiles and any outliers.
- Permutation and Combination CalculatorEnter the size of a set and how many items to choose, and this permutation and combination calculator gives the number of ordered arrangements (nPr) and unordered selections (nCr), with the factorial working.
- Z-score CalculatorThis z-score calculator converts a raw score into a z-score using the mean and standard deviation, and then gives the matching probabilities from the standard normal distribution.
- Confidence Interval CalculatorEnter a sample's size, mean and standard deviation, choose a confidence level, and this confidence interval calculator returns the interval for the population mean and its margin of error.
- P-value CalculatorThis p-value calculator converts a z-score into the left-tail, right-tail, two-tailed and central probabilities of the standard normal distribution, or works backward from any one p-value to the z-score.
Geometry
- Triangle CalculatorEnter any three values, at least one of them a side, and this triangle calculator solves for the missing sides and angles, then reports the area, perimeter, heights, medians, inradius and circumradius.
- Volume CalculatorThis volume calculator finds the volume of common 3D shapes from their dimensions. Each input has its own unit, and results are converted to cubic meters, liters, gallons and cubic feet.
- Slope CalculatorEnter two points and this slope calculator finds the slope (gradient), angle of incline, distance between the points and the equation of the line through them.
- Area CalculatorThis area calculator works out the area of seven common flat shapes. Enter the dimensions in any unit and get the area in square units, square meters, square feet and acres.
- Distance CalculatorThis distance calculator finds the straight-line distance between two points on a plane or in space, and the great-circle distance between two places given their latitude and longitude.
- Circle CalculatorEnter any one measurement of a circle, its radius, diameter, circumference or area, and this circle calculator works out the other three.
- Surface Area CalculatorThis surface area calculator finds the total outside area of ten common solids, with the lateral and base areas shown separately where they apply. Each length can be entered in its own unit; the answer uses the unit of the first input.
- Pythagorean Theorem CalculatorEnter any two sides of a right triangle and this Pythagorean theorem calculator finds the third from a² + b² = c². Values such as 2√5 can be typed directly, and the answer is shown in simplified radical form when possible.
- Right Triangle CalculatorThis right triangle calculator solves a triangle with a 90° angle from any two known values: two sides, a side and an angle, or combinations with the height, area and perimeter.
- Perimeter CalculatorPick a shape and enter its measurements to find the perimeter, or the circumference of a circle. The result shows the formula with your numbers filled in, along with the area and other useful lengths.
- Polygon CalculatorEnter how many sides a regular polygon has and any one of its measurements, and this polygon calculator works out the rest: side length, area, perimeter, apothem, circumradius, angles and number of diagonals. For an irregular polygon, use the coordinate tool below.